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1.
Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. (Online) ; 60: e23366, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533980

ABSTRACT

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a highly prevalent condition among men worldwide, resulting in reduced quality of life and increased costs to health systems due to hospitalization and death. This study aimed to explore and understand the evolution of PCa in Brazil from 2008 to 2018. Data were obtained from the National Health System Department of Informatics (DATASUS) using code C61 for malignant prostatic neoplasms. We presented the hospitalization and mortality rates in a temporal-, regional- and age-dependent manner. From 2008 to 2018, a year-dependent increase in hospital admissions due to PCa was reported in Brazil, in which the Southeast region showed the highest prevalence. Men aged ≥80 and those 70-79 years old had similar hospitalization rates, followed by men aged 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. Similarly, an increase in deaths due to PCa was reported during this period, with the highest rates seen in the Southeast. Men aged ≥80 years had higher mortality rates, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49 and 30-39 years old. The results obtained indicate an age- and region-dependent increase in PCa morbidity and mortality in Brazil overtime and may contribute to the ongoing discussion on the role and future perspective of the health care system in Brazil.

2.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507318

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the nutritional status and temporal trend of the coverage of Brazilian adolescents monitored in the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System in the period 2008-2019. Methods: ecological study of temporal series with SISVAN data collected from 2008 to 2019 with 45,869.266 registration. Body mass index data were collected and the registration coverage of adolescents monitored by the system was calculated. The percentage of annual variation in coverage and nutritional status was estimated using Prais-Winsten regression, with a significance level of 5%. Results: an increase in the prevalence of obesity was observed between 2008 and 2019, during this period thinness remained stable in Brazil. National coverage evolved from 9.3% in 2008 to 19.6% in 2019, with an annual variation of 9% and a statistically significant increase trend. In Brazil, obesity in this age group increased between 2008 and 2019, with an annual variation of 8.7% (CI95% = 7.8-9.6). Conclusion: modifications were observed in nutritional status suggest the occurrence of nutritional transition in the adolescents' population. The percentage of coverage available in the system has growth potential, however, the current scenario impacts on a possible insufficient analysis to support the elaboration and reorientation of public policies.


Resumo Objetivos: analisar o estado nutricional e a tendência temporal da cobertura de adolescentes brasileiros acompanhados no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional no período de 2008-2019. Métodos: estudo ecológico de séries temporais com dados do SISVAN coletados no período de 2008 a 2019 com 45.869.266 de registos. Foram coletados dados de índice de massa corporal e calculadas as coberturas dos registros dos adolescentes acompanhados pelo sistema. Estimou-se a percentagem da variação anual da cobertura e estado nutricional pela regressão de Prais-Winsten, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: observa-se crescimento da prevalência de obesidade entre 2008 a 2019, nesse período a magreza manteve-se estável no Brasil. A cobertura nacional evoluiu de 9,3% em 2008 para 19,6% em 2019, com variação anual de 9% e tendência de aumento estatisticamente significativa. No Brasil, a obesidade nessa faixa etária apresentou um aumento entre os anos de 2008 e 2019, com uma variação anual de 8,7% (IC95%= 7,8-9,6). Conclusão: modificações observadas no estado nutricional sugerem a ocorrência da transição nutricional na população de adolescentes. O percentual de cobertura disponível no sistema tem potencial de crescimento, entretanto, o atual cenário impacta em possível análise insuficiente para subsidiar a elaboração e reorientação de políticas públicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Time Factors , Food and Nutritional Surveillance , Nutrition Surveys , Nutritional Status , Obesity/epidemiology , Primary Health Care , Brazil/epidemiology , Ecological Studies
3.
Rev. CEFAC ; 22(2): e7619, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1136464

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the work process of the Family Health teams in the municipality of Caxias do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research conducted in four Family Health Strategy (FHS) units, with the participation of 22 health professionals. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed through the theme content analysis, aided by the Atlas.ti software. Results: the results were organized in three categories: (1) Roles, reality and idealization of working in the FHS, in which health prevention and curative practices appeared as the focus of the work process; (2) Elements of working in the FHS, which dealt with the purpose of the work connected to health prevention, related instruments, hard technologies and work object, in relation to professional specificities; and (3) Challenges and perspectives of working in the FHS, which emphasizes the fragilities, due to the shortage of professionals and the need for managerial improvement, as well as commitment and teamwork as potentialities. Conclusion: in the work process in health, the preventive professional actions with curative focus were predominant. The challenges were centered on redirecting the work process toward the Family Health approach.


RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o processo de trabalho das equipes de Saúde da Família no município de Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. O estudo foi realizado em quatro Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e participaram 22 profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por entrevista semiestruturada e analisados pela análise de conteúdo temática, com auxílio do software Atlas.ti. Resultados: foram organizados em três categorias: (1) Funções, realidade e idealização do trabalho na ESF, sendo a prevenção a saúde e as práticas curativistas apareceram como foco do processo de trabalho; (2) Elementos do trabalho na ESF, contemplou a finalidade do trabalho ligada à prevenção das doenças, os instrumentos vinculados as tecnologias duras e objeto de trabalho, relacionada as especificidades profissionais; e, (3) Desafios e perspectivas do trabalho na ESF, os quais enfatizam as fragilidades pela falta de profissionais e a necessidade de melhorias na gestão, bem como, o comprometimento e o trabalho em equipe como potencialidades. Conclusão: no processo de trabalho em saúde predominaram as ações profissionais preventivas com foco curativista, com desafios centrados no redirecionamento do processo de trabalho na lógica da Saúde da Família.

4.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 22: e190028, 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-990723

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: Introdução: No Brasil, o Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) fornece dados contínuos sobre o estado nutricional e o consumo alimentar da população usuária da atenção básica à saúde para a formulação de ações, programas e políticas. Objetivo: Neste artigo, descreve-se o percentual de cadastramento no sistema, o percentual de utilização e a cobertura do acompanhamento de consumo alimentar, entre 2008 e 2013. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, em que a população registrada é descrita segundo unidades da federação, macrorregiões e/ou fases do curso da vida. Os indicadores utilizados foram: percentual de cadastramento e de utilização e cobertura. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva, modelo de regressão linear e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Em 2010, cerca de 100,00% dos municípios apresentou indivíduo(s) cadastrado(s) e o percentual de utilização foi de 22,4%. A cobertura nacional variou de 0,13 a 0,4%, entre 2008 e 2013, com tendência estatisticamente significativa de aumento. O Centro-Oeste apresentou as mais altas coberturas regionais. Todas as fases do curso da vida apresentaram tendências de aumento da cobertura, com destaque para crianças e gestantes. Conclusão: Apesar da continuidade na coleta dos dados, a avaliação do consumo alimentar mostrou-se incipiente e pouco capilarizada nos municípios. A implementação da Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição pode ser potencializada mediante a superação dos problemas centrais, como estrutura física e capacitação dos profissionais, que impedem o avanço da consolidação do sistema.


ABSTRACT: Introduction: In Brazil, the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional - SISVAN) provides continuous data on the nutritional status and food intake of the population user of primary health care to elaborate actions, programs, and policies. Objective: This article describes the percentage of registration in the system, percentage of use, and coverage of food intake monitoring between 2008 and 2013. Methods: This is an ecological study that characterizes the registered population according to federation units, macro-regions, and/or life stages. The indicators used were percentage of registration and use and coverage. The analysis used descriptive statistics, a linear regression model, and Spearman's correlation. Results: In 2010, approximately 100.00% of the cities had at least one individual registered in the system while the percentage of use was 22.4%. National coverage ranged from 0.13 to 0.4% between 2008 and 2013, with a statistically significant increasing trend. The Midwest showed the highest regional coverage. All life stages presented increasing coverage trend, especially children and pregnant women. Conclusion: Despite the continuous data collection, food intake assessment proved to be incipient, and its distribution in the cities was low. Implementation of the National Food and Nutrition Policy can be enhanced by overcoming central issues, such as physical structure and training of professionals, which prevent the progress of system consolidation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Nutrition Surveys/statistics & numerical data , Population Surveillance/methods , Nutritional Status , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Program Evaluation , Epidemiologic Studies , Databases as Topic , Middle Aged
5.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(2): 543-552, Fev. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-890507

ABSTRACT

Resumo Objetivou-se identificar a tendência das internações por Diabetes Mellitus e a correlação com a cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no Estado do Paraná, segundo Regionais de Saúde (RS), entre 2000 e 2012. Estudo ecológico de dados secundários do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde e do Departamento da Atenção Básica. Verificou-se tendência decrescente para as taxas de internação geral (de 10,2 para 9,0/10.000 habitantes), porém, tendência crescente para algumas RS. Observou-se correlação entre as taxas de internação e a cobertura da ESF para o estado; correlação forte e inversa para as RS de Paranaguá, Metropolitana, Foz do Iguaçu e Umuarama; e correlação forte e direta para as RS de Pato Branco, Campo Mourão, Cianorte, Telêmaco Borba e Ivaiporã. No geral, as internações por Diabetes Mellitus mostraram-se decrescentes e sem correlação com a cobertura da ESF, porém, observaram-se diferenças conforme as RS.


Abstract The aim of this study was to identify trends in hospitalization for diabetes mellitus and their correlation with the Family Health Strategy (FHS) coverage in the state of Paraná, by Health District (HD), between 2000 and 2012. It is an ecological study based on secondary data from the Hospital Information System of the Brazilian Unified Health System and the Primary Care Department. There was downward trend for general admission rates (from 10.2 to 9.0/10,000 inhabitants), but upward trend for some HDs. No correlation was observed between admission rates and the FHS coverage for the state. However, there was strong inverse correlation for Paranaguá, Metropolitan, Foz do Iguaçu and Umuarama HDs, and strong and direct correlation for Pato Branco, Campo Mourão, Cianorte, Telêmaco Borba and Ivaiporã HDs. Overall, hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus proved to be decreasing and without correlation with FHS coverage; however, there were differences according to HDs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Hospitalization/trends , National Health Programs , Patient Admission/trends , Brazil , Family Health
6.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 23(10): 3233-3245, Out. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-974682

ABSTRACT

Resumo O presente estudo objetiva avaliar, através da Análise de Redes Sociais (ARS), o papel do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial - Álcool e outras Drogas (CAPSad) sobre a rede de atenção aos usuários de drogas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa na rede de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Nela, foram identificados 187 serviços assistenciais no município. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir de questionário com profissionais destes dispositivos. A análise levou em consideração métricas de coesão e centralidade da ARS, bem como a confecção de sociogramas da rede. Constatou-se uma centralidade da rede no CAPSad, em conformidade com as políticas e o modelo assistencial preconizado na área, nomeada de "CAPSolização". A centralização neste dispositivo, ainda em número insuficiente e com problemas estruturais e na dinâmica de trabalho, influi para um baixo poder de resiliência da rede e indica a necessidade de modificação da lógica assistencial, ainda pautada pelo cuidado especializado, de urgência, em detrimento de perspectivas territorializadas/comunitárias e contínuas.


Abstract By applying Social Network Analysis (ARS), this study seeks to evaluate the role of the Center for Psychosocial Care - Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad) in the care network for drug users. It involves an exploratory, cross-sectional and quantitative approach of the Juiz de Fora city network in the state of Minas Gerais. One hundred and eighty-seven care services were identified in the city. The data gathering was made from a questionnaire with professionals of these instruments. The analysis took the cohesion and centrality metrics of the ARS into account as well as the creation of network sociograms. One centrality of the network was found in the CAPSad, in accordance with the policies and the care model advocated in the area, referred to here as "CAPSolization," The centralization in this instrument, still in insufficient number and with structural and workflow dynamics problems, leads to low resilience power of the network indicating the need for care logic modifications, still based on specialized and emergency care, to the detriment of territorial/community and ongoing prospects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/organization & administration , Substance-Related Disorders/therapy , Drug Users/psychology , Social Networking , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cities , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology
7.
Chinese Journal of General Practitioners ; (6): 688-694, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-710844

ABSTRACT

Objective To survey the utilization of basic public health service among hypertensive and diabetic patients in communities.Methods A survey on the utilization of basic public health service was conducted between October 2014 and November 2014,1 511 patients with hypertension and 1 508 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥35 years were randomly selected for the survey from 18 communities in 2 cities and 4 townships of Shandong and Jiangsu provinces in China.Results The survey showed that 87.0% (1 314/1 511) of hypertensive patients and 88.5% (1 334/1 508) of diabetic patients visited community hcalth services within the year,and the blood pressure/blood glucose elevation were found in community health services in 68.5% (1 035/1 511) of the hypertensive patients and 53.3% (804/1 508) of the diabetic patients,respectively.The proportion of participants in community health education was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas [hypertension 73.2% (556/760) vs.60.3% (453/751),x2 =48.48,P < 0.01;diabetes 77.8% (591/760) vs.62.6% (468/748),x2 =43.73,P < 0.01].The proportion of outpatients who were followed up for more than 4 times was higher in rural areas than that in urban areas [hypertension 61.3% (466/760) vs.48.4% (363/751),x2 =79.31,P < 0.01;diabetes 58.8% (447/760) vs.50.5% (378/748),x2 =17.78,P <0.01].The self-test rate of blood pressure and blood glucose in the urban was higher than that in rural areas [hypertension 41.8% (314/751) vs.17.8% (135/760),x2=104.59,P<0.01;diabetes41.7% (312/748) vs.11.3% (86/760),x2=179.28,P < 0.01].The proportion of patients with hypertension who did not take medication was higher in rural areas than in that in urban areas [36.7% (279/760) vs.24.0% (180/751),x2 =70.88,P < 0.01],and the proportion of patients with diabetes who did not take medication was not statistically significant between rural and urban areas [20.8% (156/760) vs.19.8% (148/748),x2 =1.95,P > 0.05].The control rates of hypertension and diabetes were 39.8% (602/1 511) and 39.6% (597/ 1 508),respectively.82.5% (1 247/1 511) hypertensive patients and 75.6% (1 140/1 508) diabetic patients selected community clinics for treatment and disease management,and satisfaction rate with primary health care in community clinics were 82.1% (1 077/1 312) and 82.5% (1 101/1 334) respectively.Conclusions High percentage of community clinic choice and visit was found,and most of the patients got the recommendation about health life style.But difference existed between the practice of self-monitoring of blood pressure and fasting blood glucose and control of blood pressure and blood glucose and plan of chronic disease prevention and control.

8.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 57(3): 254-263, May-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-899421

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Bisphosphonates are considered first-line agents in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis based on extensive experience of use, safety, and proven efficacy in reducing vertebral, non-vertebral and femur fractures. However, post-marketing reports based on the treatment of millions of patients/year over lengthy periods of time have revealed the occurrence of initially unexpected adverse effects, such as osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture, leading to the restriction of treatment duration with bisphosphonates by global regulatory agencies. However, despite the association between these effects and bisphosphonates, this risk should be analyzed in the context of osteoporosis treatment, alongside the benefit of preventing osteoporotic fractures and their clinical consequences. Therefore, we consider it plausible to discuss the restriction to the use of bisphosphonates, possible indications for prolonged treatment and alternative therapies following the suspension of this drug class for patients with persistent high risk of fracture after initial treatment, especially considering the problems of public health funding in Brazil and the shortage of drugs provided by the government. Thus, to standardize the treatment of osteoporosis in the public health care system, we aim to develop a proposal for a scientifically-based pharmacological treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis, establishing criteria for indication and allowing the rational use of each pharmacological agent. We discuss the duration of the initial bisphosphonate treatment, the therapeutic options for refractory patients and potential indications of other classes of drugs as first-choice treatment in the sphere of public health, in which assessing risk and cost effectiveness is a priority.


RESUMO Com base na vasta experiência de uso, segurança e eficácia comprovada na redução de fraturas vertebrais, não vertebrais e femorais, os bisfosfonatos são considerados agentes de primeira linha no tratamento da osteoporose pós-menopáusica. No entanto, os relatos pós-venda baseados no tratamento de milhões de pacientes/ano durante períodos prolongados de tempo revelaram a ocorrência de efeitos adversos inicialmente inesperados, como osteonecrose da mandíbula e fratura atípica do fêmur. Isso levou as agências reguladoras globais a restringirem a duração do tratamento com bisfosfonatos. No entanto, apesar da associação entre esses efeitos e os bisfosfonatos, esse risco deve ser analisado no contexto do tratamento da osteoporose, paralelamente ao benefício na prevenção de fraturas osteoporóticas e suas consequências clínicas. Portanto, considera-se plausível discutir a restrição ao uso dos bisfosfonatos, possíveis indicações para o tratamento prolongado e terapias opcionais após a suspensão dessa classe de fármaco para pacientes com alto risco persistente de fratura após o tratamento inicial, especialmente se considerarmos os problemas financeiros de saúde pública no Brasil e a escassez de fármacos fornecidos pelo governo. Assim, para padronizar o tratamento da osteoporose no sistema público de saúde pretende-se desenvolver uma proposta de tratamento farmacológico cientificamente fundamentada para a osteoporose pós-menopáusica, estabelecer critérios de indicação e permitir o uso racional de cada agente farmacológico. Discutem-se a duração do tratamento inicial com bisfosfonatos, as opções terapêuticas para pacientes refratários e potenciais indicações de outras classes de medicamentos como tratamento de primeira linha na esfera da saúde pública, em que a avaliação do risco e custo-efetividade é uma prioridade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Decision-Making/methods , Algorithms , Brazil , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/complications , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/economics , Risk Factors , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Diphosphonates/economics , Bone Density Conservation Agents/economics , Osteoporotic Fractures/economics , Osteoporotic Fractures/chemically induced , Osteoporotic Fractures/prevention & control , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/economics , Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw/prevention & control , National Health Programs
9.
Rev. latinoam. psicopatol. fundam ; 19(3): 483-499, jul.-set. 2016. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-845347

ABSTRACT

Neste artigo visamos solucionar o enigma dos intervalos lúcidos da Psicose maníaco-depressiva a partir de um estudo de caso atendido em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPSi). Defendemos que se pode sustentar uma experiência rigorosa do dispositivo analítico em instituição pública. Utilizamos a topologia lacaniana dos nós como método para a construção do caso. Postulamos que nos surtos os nós se rompem e depois se rearranjam entre os três registros — real, simbólico e imaginário — formando um nó não borromeano (nó de trevo) que possibilita uma estabilização do sujeito.


In this article we aim at solving the enigma of the lucid intervals in the manic depressive psychosis through the clinical case of a patient treated in a Psychosocial Care Center. We believe we can develop a rigorous experience of the analytical treatment in public health services. We use the Lacanian topology of the knots as a method for the construction of the case. We postulate that in and out of the outbreaks the knots untangle and re-entangle between the three registers — the imaginary, the symbolic and the real — forming a non borromean knot (clover knot) that enable the stabilization of the subject.


Dans cet article nous avons eu pour but de solutionner l’énigme des intervalles lucides de la psychose maniaque dépressive à travers de l’étude d’un cas clinique suivi dans un Centre de Soin Psycho-sociale. Nous croyons qu’on peut maintenir une experience rigoureuse de la psychanalyse dans une institution publique. Nous utilizons la topologie lacanienne des noeuds comme méthode pour construire le cas. Notre proposition est que pendant et après les crises le noeud se rompre et se rénoue entre le réel, le symbolique et l’imaginaire, pas comme un noeud borroméen, mais comme un noeud de trèfle qui permet la stabilization du sujet.


En este artículo se tiene por objetivo solucionar el enigma de los intervalos de lucidez de la psicosis maniaco-depresiva en un estudio de caso clínico tratado en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Creemos que uno puede sostener una rigurosa experiencia psicoanalítica en una institución pública. Utilizamos la topología lacaniana de los nudos como método para la construcción del caso. Nuestra proposición es que durante e después de los brotes el nudo se rompe e se reanuda entre el real, el simbólico y el imaginario, non como borromeo, pero como un nudo de trébol que permite la estabilización del sujeto.


In diesem Artikel wollen wir das Rätsel der klaren Intervallen von Psychosis manische Depression aus einer Fallstudie in einem psychosoziale Betreuung Zentrum ( CAPSI ). Wir argumentieren, dass man eine strenge psychoanalytischen Erfahrung in einer öffentlichen Einrichtung aufrecht erhalten kann. Gebrauchte Lacansche Topologie der Knoten als ein Verfahren für die Konstruktion des Fälle. Wir postulieren, dass die Ausbrüche wir gebrochen werden und dann zwischen den drei Datensätze neu ordnen — real, symbolischen und imaginären — eine nicht Borromäischen Knoten (Kleeblattknoten) bildet, die eine Stabilisierung des Themas ermöglicht.

10.
Saúde Soc ; 25(2): 306-319, graf
Article in Portuguese | ECOS, LILACS | ID: lil-787848

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar algumas reflexões sobre o papel e a relevância das unidades de economia da saúde (UES) no âmbito de sistemas nacionais de saúde. Parte-se dos fundamentos deste campo de conhecimento e de sua contribuição à gestão em saúde para tecer considerações sobre o papel e a relevância dessas unidades. São discutidas questões como o conhecimento dos gestores da saúde e lideranças políticas sobre economia da saúde, a necessidade de atuação transversal da UES na organização e de corpo técnico multidisciplinar qualificado, assim como a natureza técnica e política do trabalho, as possibilidades e limites para sua atuação, seus aspectos e a relação com grupos externos de pesquisa. Por fim, ressalta-se que o trabalho de equipe interna especializada em economia da saúde constitui um dos meios para qualificar o processo de tomada de decisão nas organizações públicas de saúde, visando à otimização do uso dos recursos e à equidade em sua alocação.


This texts aims to introduce some reflections on the role and relevance of health economics units (HEUs) regarding national health care systems. The starting points are the core aspects of this knowledge field and its contribution to health care management, to give rise to considerations on the role and relevance of such units. Matters such as the health care managers' and political leaders' knowledge on health economics, the need for HEUs to take simultaneous action at various levels in the organization of a qualified multidisciplinary technical body, as well as the technical and political nature of the work, their possibilities and limits for action, their aspects, and their relationship with external research groups. Finally, the work of a specialized internal health economics team is one of the means to qualify the decision-making process in public health care organizations, to optimize the use of resources and their proper equitable allocation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Administration , Right to Health , Health Care Economics and Organizations , Health Equity , Health Management , Public Policy , Health Systems , Health Care Rationing , Leadership , Budgets , Process Optimization , Decision Making
11.
Rev. cub. inf. cienc. salud ; 27(2): 168-184, abr.-jun. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-781962

ABSTRACT

The development of an information system is essential for the generation of information to support the decision-making process, extending its benefits throughout the public sector especially to healthcare related organisms. To guarantee a timely government intervention, it is essential to identify problems, develop and evaluate public policy and activity, coordinate implementation, and monitor and control the provision of related services. The objective of the present study is to describe the development of a public health care information system in the Brazilian Health Ministry. In order to achieve that, a study was conducted on the development of the information system in the Strategic Management Support Office of the aforementioned Ministry. The results show that the development of an information system expands the array of relevant and reliable information through the systemic collection, integration, analysis and data presentation, which can be a key factor for the improvement of health services to the Brazilian population.


El desarrollo del sistema de información es esencial para generar información destinada al proceso de toma de decisiones, cuyos beneficios también se aplican al sector público y especialmente en lo que a la salud se refiere, considerando que la intervención oportuna es fundamental para la identificación de problemas, desarrollar y evaluar las políticas y acciones, organizar la ejecución y supervisar y controlar la prestación de servicios en este campo. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo la descripción del desarrollo de un sistema de información dentro del Ministerio de la Salud en Brasil. Se realizó un estudio sobre el desarrollo del sistema de información en la Sala de Apoyo a la Gestión Estratégica de dicho Ministerio. Los resultados muestran que el desarrollo del sistema de información en el Ministerio de Salud amplía el espectro de información relevante y confiable a través de la recaudación, integración, análisis y presentación de los datos, desde diferentes ángulos, que puede ser un factor clave en la mejora de los servicios de salud a la población.


O desenvolvimento de sistema de informações é fundamental para gerar informações ao processo de tomada de decisão, isto se aplica também ao setor público e, principalmente na área da saúde, cuja intervenção em tempo oportuno é essencial para identificar problemas, desenvolver e avaliar as políticas e ações, organizar a execução, além de acompanhar e controlar a prestação dos serviços de saúde. O objetivo do estudo é descrever o desenvolvimento de um sistema de informações para a área de saúde pública do Brasil. Para atingir o objetivo foi realizado um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento do sistema de informações na Sala de Apoio à Gestão Estratégica do Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados mostram que o desenvolvimento de SI no Ministério da Saúde amplia o espectro de informação relevante e fidedigna por meio da coleta, integração, análise e apresentação dos dados, sob diferentes prismas, o que pode ser um fator chave na melhoria dos serviços de saúde a população brasileira.

12.
Indian J Public Health ; 2016 Jan-Mar; 60(1): 40-50
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-179776

ABSTRACT

Revising a health policy of any country is a periodic procedure dependent on the change of demographic profile, current health status of the population including epidemiological changes in disease prevalence pattern, and progress made under the earlier policies. Along with it, newer research revelation of the natural history of the existing and emerging health problems, availability of newer technology as well as changing sociopolitical commitment to improve the health status of the population are the driving forces in the change of policy. Draft National Health Policy (NHP) 2015 is an attempt for the same. A review of the draft has been undertaken. The chapter on introduction is crisp and clear. Situation analysis of the draft is sketchy and without any reference of sources. Shifting the health goal is without any basis, and the objectives defined for the policy change are incongruous with the introduction. A detailed description does not give a clear picture but rather confuses the reader as it talks of comprehensive universal health-care services to be provided with a holistic concept but maximum emphasis is made in the implementation of a national program. Private health-care services are an area to reckon but except for mere references on the involvement in private-public mode, nothing concrete is observed, especially in the primary care level. Involvement envisaged in the secondary and tertiary levels is nebulous. The implementation health insurance program as well as regulatory mechanISM with the existing is also not defined exclusively in the context of a newer health policy.

13.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2016; 11(8): 1-11
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-182036

ABSTRACT

Background: In India, Out of Pocket Health Expenditures (OOPHE) is as high as 70-80% of total health expenditures, borne by the families of ailing persons. In most cases such high OOPHE is catastrophic in nature, in the backdrop of high poverty level in the country. High OOPHE and Catastrophic Health Expenditures (CHE) have a potential to impoverish people. It is therefore important to identify the predictors of OOPHE and CHE, to formulate an equitable and efficient financial protection measure from health expenditure. Methods: The study tried to understand the factors of out-of-pocket health expenditure and catastrophic health expenditure using the cross-sectional data from 986 sampled households in Koderma district of the state of Jharkhand in India. A multi-staged sampling method was followed to select households with incidences of in-patient care in the last one and child birth in the last two years and of out-patient care in the last one month. Alongside health expenditure data of the sampled households, their socio-demographic and socio-economic information were also collected using survey questionnaire. Findings: Male headed households, families with more than five members, household head who were unemployed or were engaged in agriculture or labour works as compared to those in service; household head aged above 60 years, households from higher expenditure quintiles, households with any member suffering from chronic illness, households reporting any episode of hospitalisation, in-patient or delivery services availed from private providers in the reference periods, families living closer to service providers especially private providers were significant predictors of high OOPHE. Residence in rural area (aOR: 1.65, 95% CI 1.10 - 2.49), families living in ‘kutcha’ (mud house) houses (aOR: 1.46, 95% CI 1.06 - 2.0), families with lower social status like Schedule Tribe (aOR: 1.76, 95% CI 1.0 – 3.13), Scheduled Caste (aOR: 1.73, 95% CI 1.02 - 2.92) and Other Backward Classes (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI 1.02 - 2.01) compared to General castes, families where any member suffering from chronic illness (aOR: 2.33, 99% CI 1.48 – 3.67), families where any member had received in-patient care in the last one year irrespective of type of providers (aOR: 2.18, 99% CI 1.60 - 2.97), longer distance from health service providers, had higher likelihood of CHE. Conclusion: The study tried to identify different predictors of Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (OOPHE) and Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE), incurred by families seeking medical care for various ailments. OOPHE was found higher among families from higher expenditure quintile; however, people from disadvantaged socio economic profile had higher likelihood of CHE. Apparently, even smaller OOPHE is proving to be catastrophic for families from lower socio-economic segments. Families with any member suffering from chronic illness were at a higher risk of CHE. OOPHE was considerably higher when services have been sought from private providers compared to public health providers, however, for in-patient care, expenditure incurred in both situations were found to be catastrophic. Urgent action is needed for designing healthcare finance policies that is more equitable and efficient and has a potential to reduce OOPHE and incidences of CHE.

14.
Saúde Soc ; 24(4): 1137-1150, oct.-dic. 2015.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-770162

ABSTRACT

Corumbá é o maior município brasileiro limítrofe com a Bolívia e está dotado de melhor infraestrutura de saúde que seu país vizinho e, aliado ao fato deste não dispor de serviços gratuitos a todos os seus habitantes, tem atraído um fluxo significativo de fronteiriços para atendimento ao serviço de saúde público, tornando-se palco de coexistência de comportamentos e identidades, muitas vezes controversos. Este trabalho apresenta algumas reflexões sobre os dados empíricos oriundos das entrevistas realizadas junto a profissionais de saúde atuantes em Corumbá e tem como objetivo analisar as múltiplas fronteiras reconhecidas a partir dos discursos proferidos por eles. Para tanto, faz-se uso de contribuições teóricas, com aportes geográficos e antropológicos, para compreender as diferentes abordagens de fronteira extraídas a partir da perspectiva dos agentes de saúde sobre o atendimento aos fronteiriços e também sobre o Sistema Integrado de Saúde das Fronteiras - SIS-Fronteiras, projeto criado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, em 2005. As informações obtidas a partir da pesquisa de campo, dotada de caráter qualitativo, evidenciam que o elevado grau de permeabilidade com a fronteira política entre Brasil-Bolívia tem favorecido a construção de fronteiras étnicas e culturais, em que o estrangeiro, especialmente o boliviano, é o "outro" na interação social entre profissional de saúde e usuário dentro das unidades de saúde. E ainda revelam inúmeros desafios na concretização do projeto SIS-Fronteiras nessa região fronteiriça, sobretudo o desconhecimento dos profissionais de saúde quanto ao projeto e seus objetivos.


Corumbá is the largest Brazilian city to border with Bolivia and has a better health infrastructure than its neighbor country and, associated with the fact that Bolivia does not provide free services to all its residents, the city of Corumbá has attracted a significant flow of borderland population who seek local free health services, making it a scenario of coexistent behaviors and identities, mostly controversial ones. This article presents some reflections on empirical data from interviews with health professionals in Corumbá and aims to analyze the multiple borders recognized from these speeches. For that purpose, theoretic contributions are used, with geographical and anthropological supplementation, to understand the different border approaches extracted from the perspective of health professionals about the population that lives at the border and also about Integrated Border Health System-SIS-Fronteiras, a project created by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, in 2005. The information obtained from qualitative field research shows that the high level of permeability with the political border between Brazil and Bolivia has favored the construction of ethnic and cultural boundaries, in which the foreigner, especially the Bolivian, is the "other" in a social interaction among health professionals and users inside health units. And yet they reveal many challenges in implementing the SIS-Fronteiras project in the border region, above all, health professional's lack of knowledge about the project and its objectives.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Health Centers , Health Personnel , Health Policy , Interpersonal Relations , Border Health , Health Services , Health Systems , Border Areas , Anthropology, Cultural , Delivery of Health Care , Qualitative Research , Prejudice , Unified Health System , Sociology
15.
Indian J Public Health ; 2014 Oct-Dec; 58(4): 261-266
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-158777

ABSTRACT

Three distinct groups of people, the sick, at risk and a healthy population constitute the benefi ciaries of any health services. Available health care packages are based on the paradigm of the “natural history of the disease and the fi ve levels of the prevention.” Patient-centric “personal care services” and community centric “public health care” are the two packages universally provided to a community. A health care system can only be effective and effi cient if there is balanced mix of the personal and public health care delivered as a comprehensive package in a regionalized graded manner by a well-trained manpower. The current health care delivery system is mostly personal care centered and public health component is in the fringes and being delivered as vertical programs through the multipurpose health worker. The alternative model speaks about bi-furcating the two types of services and delivering both as a comprehensive package to the community. As per the constitution of India health services including major public health services are state subject but the nature of emerging public health problems relates to mass movement of people and goods, environmental changes due industry and other developmental activities etc. resulting in the spread of the same beyond the manmade geographical boundary, some public health activity may be included in the union/concurrent list. To deliver the packages a public health cadre may be created at the state and center and be equipped with public health knowledge and skill to deliver well-defi ned evidence-based service package to control the existing problem and keep strict vigilance to prevent entry/emergence of new health problems.

16.
Acta paul. enferm ; 27(1): 44-47, Jan-Feb/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-709263

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Describing the demographic and epidemiological aspects of mortality from cancer of the penis. METHODS: A cross-sectional study consisting of 183 deaths registered in a public information system on mortality that had penile cancer as the primary cause of mortality. It was used descriptive statistics and the mortality rate was calculated. RESULTS: The mean coefficient of mortality was 0.45/100,000 that is an increase of 19.04%. The demographic data revealed a higher prevalence in men aged 60 years or older (50.8%), brown (54.1%), married (47.6%), retired (24%) and residents of the metropolitan region (44.8%). CONCLUSION: The demographic and epidemiological aspects revealed increase of mortality rates from cancer in the penis. .


OBJETIVO: Descrever os aspectos demográficos e epidemiológicos da mortalidade por câncer no pênis. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal constituído por 183 óbitos registrados em um sistema público de informação sobre mortalidade que tiveram como causa básica de morte o câncer no pênis. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e foi calculado o coeficiente de mortalidade. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de mortalidade médio foi de 0,45/100 mil, com acréscimo de 19,04%. Os dados sociodemográficos revelaram um maior acometimento nos homens na faixa etária de 60 anos ou mais (50,8%), da cor parda (54,1%), casados (47,6%), aposentados (24%) e residentes em região metropolitana (44,8%). CONCLUSÃO: Os aspectos demográficos e epidemiológicos revelaram aumento no coeficiente de mortalidade por câncer no pênis. .

17.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 17(4): 864-872, out.-dez. 2013.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-711427

ABSTRACT

A Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) tem como princípio a vigilância à saúde, tendo como característica a atuação inter e multidisciplinar. Atua também em grupos específicos da população como os portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS). Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa qualitativa levantar as ações de atenção primária à saúde do portador de HAS relatadas pela equipe de saúde da família com ênfase nas intervenções desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo sobre as ações dos profissionais que compõem a ESF. A pesquisa foi realizada com seis integrantes da ESF de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. O médico destaca o seu papel na unidade e caracteriza o trabalho da auxiliar de enfermagem e do enfermeiro como uma "ajuda" na recepção do paciente. Os agentes valorizam a visita domiciliar em que ainda fazem a "promoção". A equipe reconhece que o enfermeiro tem inúmeras atividades na unidade e que conhece o programa como um todo, porém está sobrecarregada com questões administrativas. A educação em saúde para a prevenção da HAS ainda é incipiente. Entre as atividades levantadas, priorizam-se aquelas de cunho estritamente curativas, de controle dos parâmetros, que são indicadas no protocolo da HAS, nas quais ainda não há uma visão clara, por parte dos integrantes da equipe, sobre o processo de trabalho para a integralidade das ações. Conclui-se que o papel do enfermeiro na ESF enfrenta impasses e desafios, especialmente no que diz respeito à sua atuação, divisão de responsabilidades, condições de trabalho e relações interdisciplinares.


The Family Health Strategy (FHS) is based on health surveillance, containing the characteristics of both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary actions. This program also operates in specific population groups, such as those with systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). This qualitative research aims to enhance the primary health care actions for patients with SAH, reported by the family healthcare team, highlighting the interventions developed by nurses. This is a descriptive study of the actions performed by nursing professionals within the FHS and was conducted with six members of the FHS from a city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. The doctor emphasizes his role within the program and characterizes the work of the nurse’s aide and of the nurse herself as “help” in receiving the patient. Community health agents value the home visit, where they can do their “promotion”. The team recognizes that nurses perform a wide range of activities in the clinic and that they know the program as a whole, but they are overburdened with administrative issues. Health education for the prevention of SAH is still in its initial stages. Among the identified activities, priority is given to those that are strictly geared toward a cure, with parameter controls, as set forth in the SAH protocol, in which there is still no clear view on the part of the team members concerning the work processes necessary to ensure the integrity of actions. It can therefore be concluded that the nurses’ role in the FHS faces difficulties and challenges, especially as regards their activities, distribution of responsibilities, working conditions, and interdisciplinary relations.


La Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) tiene como principio la vigilancia sanitaria; su característica es el trabajo interdisciplinarioy multidisciplinario. Actúa también en grupos específicos de la población como los de los pacientes con Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica (HAS). El objetivo de esta investigación cualitativa fue identificar las acciones de atención primaria de las personas con HAS realizadas por el equipo de salud de la familia y describir las intervenciones llevadas a cabo por el enfermero. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo sobre las acciones de los profesionales que componen la ESF. La investigación fue realizada con seis mienbros de la ESF de una ciudad del interior del Estado de San Pablo. El médico realza su rol en la unidad y define el trabajo del auxiliar de enfermería y del enfermero como "ayuda" en la recepción del paciente. Los agentes valoran las visitas domiciliarias donde aún "promoaonan" la salud. El personal reconoce que los enfermeros tienen demasiada tarea y que conocen el programa pero que están sobrecargados de asuntos administrativos. La educación en salud trata poco el tema de prevención de HAS. Entre las actividades analizadas, se les da prioridad a aquéllas estrictamente curativas, de control de parámetros indicadas en el protocolo de HAS. Los integrantes del equipo aún no tienen una visión clara del proceso de trabajo que busca integrar las acciones. El papel del enfermero en la ESF enfrenta dilemas y retos, principalmente en lo referente a su actuación, división de responsabilidades, condiciones de trabajo y relaciones interdisciplinarias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Primary Health Care , Nursing Care , Patient Education as Topic , Health Education , Hypertension , Health Promotion
18.
Barbarói ; (38): 97-125, jun. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-696728

ABSTRACT

O texto aborda o cenário de produção dos programas de formação em saúde dirigidos às universidades, retratando prescrições, tensões e rupturas ao buscar alguns caminhospercorridos para reorientar a formação de profissionais de saúde no Brasil. Retoma iniciativas e propostas nas universidades e nas Conferências Nacionais de Saúde (CNS),destacando a interação ensino-serviço, as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais e a própria concepção de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Na sequência, é abordada aPolítica Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde (PNEPS) que orienta para uma formação constante de trabalhadores e de futuros profissionais da saúde, através de estratégias e ações coordenadas pela Secretaria de Gestão do Trabalho e Educação emSaúde (SGTES) criada no início do Governo Lula. O estudo dos movimentos para mudar as graduações de saúde apresenta ações semelhantes, conquistas e também descontinuidades nesse processo de constituição da política de formação em saúdecomo estratégia de consolidação do SUS. Iniciativas, ações e preocupações continuam presentes e envolvendo universidades, serviços de saúde, governo e sociedade na tentativa de adaptar, reorientar, reinventar ou colocar em movimento as estratégias demudança na formação em saúde.


This paper addresses the production scenario of health training programs directed to universities portraying requirements, tensions and disruptions to fetch some paths taken to reorient the training of health professionals in Brazil. Initiatives and proposals takenup in universities and National Health Conferences, emphasizing the interaction between teaching and service, the National Curriculum Guidelines and the very conception of Continuing Education in Health. As a result, we have the National Policyon Permanent Education in Health that guides to a constant training of workers and future workers and health professionals through strategic and coordinated action by the Secretary of Labor Management and Health Education created in beginning of the Lula government. The study of movements to change the degrees of health has similar actions, achievements and also discontinuities in the process of incorporation of training in health policy as a strategy of consolidation of the SUS. Initiatives, actions and concerns are still present and involving universities, health services, government and society in trying to adapt, refocus, reinvent or set in motion strategies for change in health education.


Subject(s)
Workforce , Public Health , Universities
19.
Estud. psicol. (Natal) ; 16(3): 289-294, set.-dez. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-623211

ABSTRACT

El artículo analiza la situación de la reforma psiquiátrica después de tres décadas de desarrollo en España. Se pregunta por los logros y fracasos; por el grado de implantación del modelo comunitario y de salud pública que inspiraron en su origen el proceso. Trata de explicar el por qué de las insuficiencias asistenciales, normativas y formativas. Las fortalezas, el gran desarrollo de recursos alternativos, y la pérdida de hegemonía del Hospital psiquiátrico; y las amenazas: los cambios producidos en la gestión de los servicios sociales y sanitarios, la creciente privatización de los servicios, la precarización teórica y los cambios en la demanda de la población.


The paper analyzes the situation of psychiatric reform after three decades of development in Spain. The achievements and failures are reviewed and the degree of implementation of the community model and public health, that originally inspired the process, is examinated. It tries to explain the reasons for care, policies and training deficiencies. The strengths are: the great development of alternative resources, and the loss of hegemony of the Psychiatric Hospital; and the threats: the changes in the management of the social and health services, the increasing privatization of services, the theoretical impoverishment and the changes in the demand of the population.


Subject(s)
Health Care Reform , Health Policy , Health Services , Mental Health , Public Health , Spain
20.
Rev. APS ; 14(3)jul.-set. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-621425

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo analisa o papel do Programa Saúde daFamília na atenção de urgência em relação aos demais níveisde complexidade que integram o Sistema Único de Saúde.Para tanto, apresenta um estudo de uma série de normas edocumentos legais recentes sobre a atenção de urgência nopaís, dentre outras, as Portarias: GM/MS nº. 2.048/2002 enº. 1.863/2003. O estudo evidenciou que, para uma efetivaoferta desse tipo de serviço, são necessárias condiçõespróprias adequadas, tais como: hierarquização das ações eserviços, protocolos clínicos, recursos humanos, referênciae contrarreferência, regulação do transporte e dos leitosde observação, sistemas de informação e comunicação,recursos tecnológicos, área física adequada. As normasbrasileiras não contêm ainda definições claras a respeitodessas condições em cada nível de atenção, especialmente,no Programa Saúde da Família.


Subject(s)
Emergency Medical Services , Ambulatory Care , Unified Health System , Family Health
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